Influence of Anthropization on the Diversity of Woody Vegetation in Muskuwaari Transplanted Sorghum Field in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone of Cameroon

Relocated sorghum is a staple food crop and addresses a significant piece of grain creation in the Far North district. Its development has prompted significant agrarian changes and ecological scene. The fundamental target of the review completed from 2017 to 2019 in the Far North region was expected to concentrate because of anthropization on the variety of woody vegetation, its administration and preservation of the relocated sorghum scene in the Sudano-Sahelian zone. Populace reviews in six (06) towns and floristic overviews through 50 m2 plots in two soil types in these towns were directed. The outcomes show that the utilization of herbicide, chopping down and stump expulsion of woody plants, fundamental by and large, have prompted significant changes in the Kare with the attack of the fields by weed plants, post-gather soil denudation and the vanishing of plant biodiversity. The double-dealing of sorghum prompted a decrease in the quantity of woody species from 20 to 9 toward the beginning to the furthest limit of the concentrate separately. Also, the typical species thickness diminished over the long haul. The vanishing of 17 people was recorded on the dirt soil type and 12 on the hydromorphic soil type during the 2 years. Confronted with this danger, the act of agroforestry (4 to 11%), decrease in the utilization of synthetics (24.19 to 40.32%), annul collecting of green wood (0 to 3.33%) and furrow to restrict the activity of fire have been proposed as elective measures for practical double-dealing of relocated sorghum.

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Savannas Highlands of Cameroon: Floristic Composition, Functional Traits and Conservation Status|Asian Journal of Research in Botany

Background: The flora of the savannas has been largely ignored in research and conservation policy across the world, resulting in a lack of knowledge on this biodiversity component.
The goal of this study was to determine the floristic diversity, ecological features, and conservation status of the Bamboutos savannas (Western Cameroon).
The savannas surveyed were found on the eastern slope of the Bamboutos Mountains in Cameroon’s Western Highlands. Natural savanna habitats have substantial biodiversity, as well as a high level of disturbance by local people, such as overgrazing, bushfires, and fuelwood gathering.
Fieldwork was undertaken between May and November 2012, 2013, and 2014 on the Eastern slope of Mount Bamboutos (5°30 – 5°45 N and 10°03 – 10°15 E).
Floristic diversity and life features were used to characterise the plant species found (habit, life form, leaf size, type of diaspore, dispersal syndromes and phytogeographical affinities).
The flora had 231 taxa divided into 154 genera and 70 families. The major families were Poaceae (39 species), Asteraceae (37 species), and Fabaceae (20 species). Phanerrophytes (41.12 percent), chamaephytes (21.64 percent), and therophytes (21.64 percent) were the most common living forms (20.34 percent ). Mesophylls (30.73 percent), nanophylls (25.54 percent), and microphylls were the three leaf size groups found in plants (25.10 percent ). The dispersion mode dominated by annemochory (45.88 percent), followed by zoochory (30.73 percent ). The geographical distribution of plant species revealed that 27.27 percent were from the afrotropical zone and 18.61 percent were from the pantropical zone. Cameroon dorsal has four endemic and four subendemic species. According to the IUCN red list, 17 species are endangered.
Conclusion: Because the protection and maintenance of savanna natural resources is critical for the long-term use of available natural flora, overgrazing and agricultural operations are highly discouraged.

Please click here : https://journalajrib.com/index.php/AJRIB/article/view/30128

Choosing Teaching as a Career: Perspective of Pre-Service Teachers in Cameroon|Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies

Cameroon’s Higher Instructors’ Training Colleges (HTTCs) and Higher Teachers’ Technical Training Colleges (HTTTCs) train all teachers interested in working in the country’s education system. Enrolments in basic teacher preparation programmes at Ecole Normale Superieur (ENS) and Ecole Normale Superieur d’Enseignement Technique (ENSET) have increased dramatically over the previous decade, with peaks in numbers throughout the recession years. When new teachers complete their three-year courses with the Ministry of Higher Education, which funds their teacher education programme, there is some indication of attrition. This study looked at the main extrinsic, intrinsic, and altruistic elements that influence people’s decisions to pursue teaching as a career in Cameroon. It also looked into pre-service teachers’ expectations and intentions in Cameroon. The research lasted six months and covered a total of 210 teacher trainees in their first year (125 females and 85 men). The ‘Teaching Vocation Choice Scale’ was used to investigate the many motivations for selecting teaching as a career. Subscales were added to the paradigm of motivation types: influenced by others, career progression, motivation, and alternative option. The study found that male and female student instructors have similar motivations for choosing teaching as a profession. Both genders’ mean scores were closely connected. The mean ranges for altruistic variables were 32.41 and 32.26 for males and females, respectively. Extrinsic and intrinsic factors were 40.18 and 37.06, respectively. Teachers were less motivated by intrinsic and altruistic motivations, with a mean range between 26.07 and 26.14. The findings were also reviewed in regard to broader gender concerns, and implications were drawn that may be useful to policymakers and institutions in the recruitment of students into pre-service teacher training.

Please click here : https://journalajess.com/index.php/AJESS/article/view/30324

The Challenges and Management Strategies of Non-Timber Forest Products for Sustainability in Nguti Sub Division, South West Region, Cameroon|Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology

Nguti is one of the three sub-divisions that make up the Kupe Muanenguba Division in Cameroon’s South West Region. Because to the eco-floristic composition within the sub-division, this Sub-division has a lot of promise and diversity in Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs). The goal of this research is to look at the problems that are afflicting NTFP exploitation and the current management choices for long-term sustainability. Questionnaires, interviews, and participant observations were used to gather secondary data from published and unpublished sources, whereas questionnaires, interviews, and participant observations were used to obtain primary data. The findings revealed that the Nguti Sub-division is rich in a variety of NTFPs, including nuts, seeds, barks, leaves, trees, and roots, as well as numerous types of bush meat. Five major challenges were identified, including transformation and storage, government policies and customary regulations, resource depletion and scarcity, deforestation and poaching, population pressure, and agricultural activities, all of which contributed to a reduction in the quantity and quality of these resources. Cottage industries, as well as cultivation or domestication of these NTFPs, should be developed and promoted for sustainable harvesting and management of these resources. The market chain should be monitored, and certain government policies should be framed to regularise harvest and extraction methods. Controlling deforestation, poaching, agricultural operations, and developing new alternative sources of revenue would all help to relieve the strain on the forest’s resources.

Please click here :  https://journalajee.com/index.php/AJEE/article/view/30187

Pharmacovigilance in Cameroon: Past, Present and Future Developments in Unlocking the Drug Development Process|Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Drug development and discovery techniques are aimed to ensure that medications are effective, harmless, and of high quality for human consumption. However, the number of patients who have access to medications at the time of approval is a small percentage of the final target population. As a result, a complete understanding of the safety of medicines is usually only obtained after the drug has been approved for marketing, followed by pharmacovigilance or post-marketing surveillance. WHO defines pharmacovigilance (PHV) as “the science and activities concerned with the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse drug responses or other potential drug-related interactions.” As a result, health professionals, patients, drug producers, and drug regulatory agencies are all heavily involved in PHV practise.
Cameroon imports 95% of its medications and medical supplies. As a result, a thorough understanding of PHV knowledge, attitude, and practise will aid in the development of our pharmacovigilance systems. This study provides an overview of pharmacovigilance in Cameroon, with an emphasis on the past, present, and future, in order to unlock the drug development process.

Please click here: https://journaljamps.com/index.php/JAMPS/article/view/30192  

Access and Use of Latrines for Everyone? The Case of the Far North Region (Cameroon)| Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports

Introduction: Difficulty of access to and use of decent latrines is one of the major concerns of our century. This, as it affects more than one billion people, particularly in the developing world. Even more, it affects the health of people and seriously hinders their development as well as their mental and social well-being. It is as a prelude to the foregoing that this study was conducted with the aim of assessing the type of devices and their level of use by households in Far North of Cameroon.
Methodology: An investigation was conducted among 1,050 households selected in a stratified manner in 56 villages in 10 communes of the Far North region during the year 2016. This through an evaluation of the type of device, as well as their level of use by households in this region.
Results: More than 80% of the latrines encountered are unimproved because they do not allow a safe separation between feces, humans and the environment. The percentage of use of these devices is 92.5% for the households surveyed, which is below the national level estimated at 94%. The non-users of latrines are either non latrine holders or latrine holders who prefer to relieve themselves in the open air.
Conclusion: The study revealed that the majority of households use latrines. However, these latrines are mostly unimproved. Open defecation is still practiced in some localities.
Impact of the study: This study provides the baseline situation for latrine use in the Far North and thus marks the starting point for any intervention to improve the situation of latrine access in this region.

Please click here : https://www.journalajarr.com/index.php/AJARR/article/view/30343

Application of Chemical Fertilizers in Cocoa-Based (Theobroma cacao) Agroforestry Systems; Impact on Yields and Policy Ramifications: Empirical Evidence from Cameroon | Journal of Experimental Agriculture International

Farmers all around the world have been forced to use chemical fertilisers to boost soil fertility and increase crop yields due to a loss in soil fertility. Chemical fertiliser use in agroforestry systems is a cause for worry, given that agroforestry systems are ostensibly agro-ecological, ecologically benign, and sustainable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of chemical fertilisers in cocoa-based agroforestry systems, as well as the policy implications. A household survey of 300 cocoa farmers in Cameroon was used to collect data, which was then analysed using descriptive and analytical procedures in SPSS 17.0. NPK 20:10:10 (60 percent), NPK 15:20:15 (50 percent), and Urea were found to be the most regularly employed chemical fertilisers by cocoa growers in cocoa-based agroforestry systems (40 percent ). It was also shown that the majority of the cocoa farmers polled employed no chemical fertiliser (35%), a very small amount (15%), a little amount (20%), and a moderate amount (30%). (20 percent ). In terms of frequency of use, the majority of cocoa growers either never used chemical fertiliser (35%) or only used it occasionally (30%). (15 percent ). However, in their cocoa agroforests, some cocoa growers employed chemical fertilisers frequently (5%) and very frequently (5%). Different explanatory variables (income level, availability of chemical fertilisers, access to information, membership in farming groups, and access to extension services) and cocoa farmers’ use of chemical fertilisers had a statistically significant (p0.05) direct and inverse non-causal and causal relationship, while farm size and number of farms had a statistically significant inverse relationship. The presence of a statistically significant (p0.05) direct non-causal and causal relationship between different levels of cocoa yields (very high cocoa yield, high cocoa yield, average cocoa yield, low cocoa yield, very low cocoa yield, no change in cocoa yields) and the application of chemical fertilisers in cocoa-based agroforestry systems was revealed by correlation and regression coefficients. Based on the findings of the study, it is suggested that steps be taken to reduce the use of chemical fertilisers in cocoa-based agroforestry systems in order to improve their long-term sustainability.

Please see the link :- https://www.journaljeai.com/index.php/JEAI/article/view/30612

Access and Use of Latrines for Everyone? The Case of the Far North Region (Cameroon) | Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports

Introduction: Difficulty of access to and use of decent latrines is one of the major concerns of our century. This, as it affects more than one billion people, particularly in the developing world. Even more, it affects the health of people and seriously hinders their development as well as their mental and social well-being. It is as a prelude to the foregoing that this study was conducted with the aim of assessing the type of devices and their level of use by households in Far North of Cameroon.

Methodology: An investigation was conducted among 1,050 households selected in a stratified manner in 56 villages in 10 communes of the Far North region during the year 2016. This through an evaluation of the type of device, as well as their level of use by households in this region.

Results: More than 80% of the latrines encountered are unimproved because they do not allow a safe separation between feces, humans and the environment. The percentage of use of these devices is 92.5% for the households surveyed, which is below the national level estimated at 94%. The non-users of latrines are either non latrine holders or latrine holders who prefer to relieve themselves in the open air. Conclusion: The study revealed that the majority of households use latrines. However, these latrines are mostly unimproved. Open defecation is still practiced in some localities.

Impact of the study: This study provides the baseline situation for latrine use in the Far North and thus marks the starting point for any intervention to improve the situation of latrine access in this region.

Please see the link :- https://www.journalajarr.com/index.php/AJARR/article/view/30343

Pharmacovigilance in Cameroon: Past, Present and Future Developments in Unlocking the Drug Development Process | Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

The drug discovery and development processes are designed to guarantee that drugs are efficacious, nontoxic and of high standards of quality for human consumption. However, patient’s population with access to drugs at approval is only a fraction of the final target population. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the safety of medicines is generally only achieved after the marketing authorization of the drug, followed by pharmacovigilance or post marketing surveillance. Pharmacovigilance (PHV) is defined by WHO as “the science and activities that deals with the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of the adverse drug reactions or any other possible drug-related interactions”. Health professionals, patients, drug manufacturers and drug regulatory authorities are therefore highly involved in the practice of PHV. Cameroon imports 95 % of drugs and health care products. Therefore, an effective mastery of the knowledge, attitude and practice of PHV will help to elaborate the development of our pharmacovigilance systems. This paper gives an overview of pharmacovigilance in Cameroon for unlocking the drug development process focusing on the past, present and future.

Please see the link :- https://www.journaljamps.com/index.php/JAMPS/article/view/30192

Savannas Highlands of Cameroon: Floristic Composition, Functional Traits and Conservation Status | Asian Journal of Research in Botany

Background: The flora of the savannas has been largely ignored in science and conservation policy around the world, resulting in a lack of knowledge about this biodiversity component.

The aim of this study was to determine the floristic diversity, ecological characteristics, and conservation status of the Bamboutos savannas (Western Cameroon).

The savannas investigated were found on the eastern slope of the Bamboutos Mountains in Cameroon’s Western Highlands. The natural savanna habitats had a high level of biodiversity, as well as a high level of disturbance from local residents, such as overgrazing, bushfires, and fuelwood collection, among other things.

Fieldwork was completed between May and November 2012, 2013, and 2014 on the Eastern slope of the Mounts Bamboutos (5°30 – 5°45 N and 10°03 – 10°15 E).

Floristic diversity and life characteristics were used to characterise the plant species (habit, life form, leaf size, type of diaspore, dispersal syndromes and phytogeographical affinities).

The flora included 231 taxa divided into 154 genera and 70 families. The dominant families were Poaceae (39 species), Asteraceae (37 species), and Fabaceae (20 species). Phanerrophytes (41.12 percent), chamaephytes (21.64 percent), and therophytes (21.64 percent) were the most common life forms (20.34 percent ). Mesophylls (30.73 percent), nanophylls (25.54 percent), and microphylls were the three leaf size classes found in plants (25.10 percent ). The most common dispersal mode was annemochory (45.88 percent), followed by zoochory (30.73 percent ). According to the geographical distribution of plant species, 27.27 percent belonged to the afrotropical zone, while 18.61 percent belonged to the pantropical zone. Cameroon dorsal had four endemic and four subendemic species. According to the IUCN red list, 17 species are endangered.

Conclusion: Because the protection and conservation of savanna natural resources is critical for the long-term use of available natural flora, overgrazing and agricultural activities are strongly discouraged.

Please see the link :- https://www.journalajrib.com/index.php/AJRIB/article/view/30128